草木皆兵苻坚（第1页）
草木皆兵（苻坚）
东晋时期，秦国的实力非常雄厚，对别的国家虎视眈眈，晋国成了秦国捕猎的目标。为了把晋国灭掉，秦王苻坚准备亲自率领九十万大军进击，力求一举把晋国收入囊中。晋国虽然弱小，但是却以积极的心态迎战，并准备将前来作战的秦军一网打尽。晋国只能派遣八万军马迎战，谢石、谢玄担任大将。但是，晋军经过精心的策划，做足了各种准备以后，才率军前去迎战。面对秦军和晋军之间悬殊的力量，秦国有点儿小骄傲，根本没有把晋军看在眼里。正是秦国的傲慢轻敌，才给了晋军取胜的机会。
秦军的前锋部队和晋军展开了第一轮的较量，结果以失败而告终。秦军的失败完全出乎苻坚的意料，天黑以后，他和弟弟苻融到战场视察战情。他们看到晋军军规严整，士兵精神抖擞，连八公山上的草木都格外不同寻常——苻坚误以为是一个个整装待发的士兵，英姿飒爽。秦王苻坚叹了一口气，转过头对弟弟说：“谁说晋军的军队很松散？这是多么训练有素的一支队伍呀！而且现在到处都是晋军，怎么还能说晋国兵力不足呢？”说完，苻坚对自己一直小看晋国而感到后悔。兵法说得好：知己知彼，方能百战百胜。他的一时疏忽，造成如此惨烈的损失。兄弟二人急忙回到军营，赶紧整顿军务，等待黎明前的最后搏斗。可是，秦军首次战败以后，士兵的锐气大减，严重地动摇了军心。就连苻坚的心里也无形中有了阴影，他想利用地理优势取胜，便命令士兵在淝水北岸布置军阵。晋军将领谢玄想要渡河作战，向秦军提出往后退的要求。苻坚以为谢玄是一个不懂得作战的人，于是答应了晋军的请求，想着将计就计。当秦王苻坚发出后退的指令以后，秦军以为前线失败便四散而逃，溃不成军。晋军趁热打铁，立即渡河追击，最终彻底击败了秦军，秦王苻坚受伤，其弟弟战死疆场。
苻坚带着残部仓皇出逃，逃亡中一种紧张的情绪伴着左右，他感到周围的风声、鸟鸣声，声声入耳，犹如晋国紧追不舍的士兵。苻坚为他的轻敌付出了惨重代价。
这就是著名的以少胜多的淝水之战。
成语寓意
比喻把山上的草木都当成敌兵，形容人在惊慌时判断失误。
近义词 风声鹤唳、杯弓蛇影、八公草木
反义词 若无其事、岿然不动、镇定自若
成语出处 《晋书·苻坚载记》
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