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吹合宜低（第1页）

吹合宜低

丝、竹、肉三音，向皆孤行独立，未有合用之者，合之自近年始。三籁齐鸣，天人合一，亦金声玉振之遗意也，未尝不佳；但须以肉为主，而丝竹副之，使不出自然者亦渐近自然，始有主行客随之妙。迩来戏房吹合之声，皆高于场上之曲，反以丝竹为主，而曲声和之，是座客非为听歌而来，乃听鼓乐而至矣。从来名优教曲，总使声与乐齐，箫笛高一字，曲亦高一字，箫笛低一字，曲亦低一字。然相同之中，即有高低轻重之别，以其教曲之初，即以箫笛代口，引之使唱，原系声随箫笛，非以箫笛随声，习久成性，一到场上，不知不觉而以曲随箫笛矣。正之当用何法？曰：家常理曲，不用吹合，止于场上用之，则有吹合亦唱，无吹合亦唱，不靠吹合为主。譬之小儿学行，终日倚墙靠壁，舍此不能举步，一旦去其墙壁，偏使独行，行过一次两次，则虽见墙壁而不靠矣。以予见论之，和箫和笛之时，当比曲低一字，曲声高于吹合，则丝竹之声亦变为肉，寻其附和之痕而不得矣。正音之法，有过此者乎？然此法不宜概行，当视唱曲之人之本领。如一班之中，有一二喉音最亮者，以此法行之，其余中人以下之材，俱照常格。倘不分高下，一例举行，则良法不终，而怪予立言之误矣。

吹合之声，场上可少，教曲学唱之时，必不可少，以其能代师口，而司镕铸变化之权也。何则？不用箫笛，止凭口授，则师唱一遍，徒亦唱一遍，师住口而徒亦住口，聪慧者数遍即熟，资质稍钝者，非数十百遍不能，以师徒之间无一转相授受之人也。自有此物，只须师教数遍，齿牙稍利，即用箫笛引之。随箫随笛之际，若曰无师，则轻重疾徐之间，原有法脉准绳，引人归于胜地；若曰有师，则师口并无一字，已将此曲交付其徒。先则人随箫笛，后则箫笛随人，是金蝉脱壳之法也。“庾公之斯，学射于尹公之他；尹公之他，学射于我。”[1]箫笛二物，即曲中之尹公他也。但庾公之斯与子濯孺子昔未见面，而今同在一堂耳。若是，则吹合之力讵可少哉？予恐此书一出，好事者过听予言，谬视箫笛为可弃，故复补论及此。

[1]“庾公”一句：郑人使子濯孺子侵卫，卫使庾公之斯追之，子濯孺子因病不能执弓，以为自己必死，后知追其者乃自己徒弟（尹公之他）的徒弟庾公之斯，便放下心来。后庾公果未杀子濯孺子。

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