67 西班牙人为什么烧毁温州鞋商的仓库|商品倾销(第1页)
67.西班牙人为什么烧毁温州鞋商的仓库?|商品倾销
我们经常会听到“倾销”这两个字,到底什么是商品倾销呢?
所谓商品倾销,就是在正常的贸易过程中,一种产品以低于其正常的价值进入另一国的商业渠道,该产品就被认为是倾销。简单来说,企业以低于正常价格的出口价格,持续大量地向国外出售商品,打击竞争者以占领市场。
商品倾销主要有三种情况:
第一,偶然性倾销。某商品销售旺季已过,或公司改营其他业务,将剩余产品销售到国外,这种倾销持续时间短,数量不多。
第二,间歇性倾销。某商品以低于国内价格出售,但出口价格高于生产成本,采用大规模经济扩大生产,降低成本,以打击竞争对手,形成垄断,获取高额的利润。
第三,长期性倾销。某种商品无期限地、持续性地以低于国内市场的价格在国外市场销售,这种倾销通常会遭到各国的强烈反对。
倾销是一种人为的低价销售措施,其动机和目的多种多样,有的是为了销售剩余产品,有的是为了争夺国际市场,扩大出口。总之,这是一种不公平竞争行为,会给进口方的经济或生产者的利益造成损害。正因为此,反倾销应运而生。
反倾销是世贸组织承认的用以抵制不公平国际贸易行为的一种措施。为了制止倾销而采取反倾销措施是合情合理的,但如果反倾销措施超出了合理的范围和限度,就会变成一种贸易保护主义措施,比如:武断地认为原本不存在倾销的商品为倾销商品,或是无根据地夸大倾销幅度等,这些都是阻碍正常进口贸易的进行。对于中国的出口企业来说,积极应对反倾销是必然的举措,同时也要做好充分的准备,合理运用世界贸易组织的《反倾销协议》等条例,通过调解争端的机制维护自己的利益。
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