2 经济因素(第1页)
2.经济因素
(1)教师就业市场供远远过于求,高水平综合大学缺乏参与教师教育的动力,导致并未形成高水平综合大学参与的教师教育体系。据不完全统计,全国2010年毕业的师范毕业生70余万,全国当年拿到教师资格证书的人数是110万,但教师需求量仅为25万,而且其中约19万为对幼儿教师的需求。在市场化背景下,高水平综合大学的招生培养在很大程度上是由毕业学生的就业前景所决定的,在教师市场供给远远大于需求的状况下,教师教育对于高水平综合大学缺乏吸引力。而产生教师就业市场供大于求的深层原因,是在教师就业采用市场化分配的背景下,国家仍旧按照计划经济的方式培养教师,教师教育院校的招生和培养规模缺乏对市场的敏感性和科学的预测、规划。
(2)地方经济发展对技术实用性人才的需求使得地方师范院校走综合化路线,导致教师教育在地方师范院校中被边缘化。诚如之前所言,教师市场已经供过于求,而我国地方经济正处在迅猛发展阶段,发展过程中对于建筑、计算机、会计、工程等实用性人才的需求量非常大,作为地方高等教育重要力量的师范学院,逐渐将招生的口径扩散出师范专业,一方面是为地方经济发展服务,另一方面也是通过顺利市场的供需关系,而寻求自身的发展新路径。
(3)教师职业在我国的社会经济地位低于教师职业在其他发达国家的社会经济地位,生源质量受到影响,教师教育质量难以提高,导致我国教师教育体系实力与发达国家相比总体偏低。诚如该课题组在2012年5月12号召开的成果专家评定会上一位专家所言:“(在中国)教师职业已经不再是阳光下最光荣的职业了,而成为了现在年轻人就业时最后的选择。”中国社会处在经济飞速发展的过程之中,于是对于金钱的崇拜与追求来得自然而直接;中国又是一个具有“官本位”传统的国家,因此对于权力的追逐与认同更是根深蒂固。在这样的背景下,教师的工资待遇相对微薄、又无权无势,其社会地位不高是可想而知的。而在芬兰、新加坡、中国香港等国家和地区,教师职业因丰厚的薪水、政府和国民的重视与认同而具有高于中国的社会地位,这在很大程度上导致了我国教师教育体系实力在总体上低于发达国家。
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